Yada Yahweh
Book 1: Genesis
…Why Are We Here?
4
‘Eden – Joy
Living in Paradise…
This is the story of man. It reveals Adam’s and Chawah’s nature, and how and why they came to exist. It explores their relationship with Yahweh, details their rebellion, and the exposes the consequence of their fall. But more than all of those things, this story reveals the nature of choice, and the role it plays in a loving and productive family.
Love is the one thing that cannot be compelled, even by an omnipotent deity. It can’t be forced, bought, stolen, held for ransom, or even manufactured; it can only be earned. It can’t be sold or bartered; it can only be given away. And here’s the rub: the capacity to love requires the capacity not to love. If the object of Yahuweh’s affection cannot reject Him, then accepting Him becomes meaningless. As mankind’s history unfolds, this will become increasingly clear.
The story of Adam and Chawah in the Garden of Eden communicates on many different levels. It is an accurate historical account, one which starts man’s time clock ticking. It is spiritual parable, communicating the importance of the familial model. It is a referendum on the nature of choice and freewill. And it serves as a treatise on the laughter and tears inherent in relationships.
To appreciate these intertwined testimonies, it is incumbent on us to scrape away the centuries of religious muck which has been smeared on top of the Genesis account. In doing so, we must ask ourselves why “Eve,” the name of a pagan Mother Earth goddess, was substituted for Chawah, a name which means “source of life.” Why does this obvious error remain uncorrected? Why does the church teach that Adam was the first human, rather than the first soul created in Yah’s image (with a conscience in addition to consciousness)? God goes out of His way to tell us that Adam was not the first animal, nor the first mammal. He speaks of human communities living outside the garden at the time of the expulsion. Moreover, archeologists and paleontologists have verified that the species we consider human (Homo sapiens) is at least 10,000 years old, and thus was thriving well before the fall.
It begs the question: why have Christians been led to believe that plants and animals didn’t die or decay outside the garden or prior to Adam’s exodus when all evidence is to the contrary? Why are we told that children must be baptized to expunge the effects of initial sin when this is unsupported Scripturally? The continued promotion of these myths in light of evidence to the contrary makes it seem as if religious clerics are purposefully trying to make God appear unenlightened and errant. And yet, Yahweh’s testimony is precisely accurate and remarkably profound. It is written such that the simplest child can understand the core message while at the same time being brilliant beyond the wisest of men.
With the stage set, and questions lingering, let’s begin our review. In the previous chapter, as a summary to the creation account and as an introduction to the story of man, Yahweh said: “This is the record of the birth and genealogy (towledowt – the written account of the conception) of the heavens and earth when they were created (bara’ – caused to exist and brought to life) in the day (yowm) Yahuweh (YHWH) God (‘elohiym) prepared and produced (‘asah) the earth (‘erets – land) and the sky (shamayim – that which is lofty, the atmosphere, stars, space and the heavens).” (Genesis 2:4) Yahweh, whose name means “I Exist,” caused the universe to exist so that life could exist. We are the product and purpose for which Yah prepared everything. Scripture is the story of life—abundant, purposeful, productive, joyful, familial, and eternal life.
Before we examine the next verse, recognize that scientifically, we have discovered that for millions of years the earth was shrouded in water vapor, creating a nurturing greenhouse effect. The climate was temperate from the equator to the poles. As a result, the evaporative heating process required to produce water vapor and then rain did not occur. We know this because we have found tropical fauna in the mouths and stomachs of woolly mammoths recently freed from their icy graves north of the Artic Circle. And petrified wood is bereft of tree rings, confirming consistent growing conditions and a lack of seasonal temperature variations and rain. Even the existence of dinosaurs is related. Without the direct assault of the sun’s damaging rays, reptiles, unlike other species, have virtually unlimited growth potential.
“Everyone (kol) ponder and consider (siah – meditate upon and think about) the earth (‘erets – the world) before (terem – previous to the time of) the spreading out of the land (sadeh – expansion of the ground, open fields, and the environment) came into being (hayah – came to exist) and of all the growth of (samah – springing to life, and the increase in size, quantity, and vitality of) green plants (‘eseb – vegetation) in this earlier (terem - previous) environment (sadeh – of expanding ground and of open fields). For Yahuweh, God (‘elohym), had not (lo’) caused it to rain (matar) upon (‘al) the earth (‘erets – land and world). And there was no (‘ayin) ‘Adam (‘adam – man or human) to work (‘abad – toil in) the earth (‘adamah – soil and ground).” (Genesis 2:5) “Imagine,” God says, “the world before land began to emerge from the seas, before rain, and before man.” This is difficult for us because we humans are self centric and see most everything from our own perspective.
Recognizing our difficulty, Yahweh puts us in our place: ‘Adam is based upon the Hebrew word ‘adamah. That means that temporally and materially, we are nothing more than dirt and water. But with the addition of a nepesh soul or consciousness and a nesamah conscience, we are alive and vital. We become capable of choosing and absorbing Yahweh’s Spirit—living waters sent down from heaven.
“A mist (‘ed – water vapor, dew, moisture, and artesian springs) rose up (‘alah) from (min) the land (‘erets – ground or earth), watering (saqah – providing drink to) the whole (kol) surface (paneh – face and presence) of the ground (‘adamah – dirt and soil).” (Genesis 2:6) Yahweh is presenting Himself as the source of living waters and suggesting that He alone can satisfy the thirst of those who want to come into His presence. He is also confirming that He is God and that we can trust Him by revealing this passage thousands of years before these scientific realities were known.
Yahweh’s 15 billion year, six day, timeline, is precisely presented in Genesis one. In Genesis two, we are reacquainted with the order of things, and of man being a late arrival on the scene. But we are not told, however, how many years transcended the time plants first sprouted and ‘Adam was conceived. And I suppose that’s because Genesis one is told from Yah’s perspective, from the vantage point of the Creator at creation. Genesis two is presented for the benefit of man and from is revealed from our frame of reference.
“Yahuweh, God (‘elohym), formed (yasar – forged and fashioned, planned and prepared) ‘Adam (‘adam – man) from (min – out of) the powdery dust (‘apar – fine dirt or very small natural material particles) of (min) the ground (‘adamah – soil or earth) and blew (napah – breathed) into (ba) his (hu) nostrils (‘ap – nose or breathing passageway) the life-giving, restoring and sustaining (hayim) conscience (nesamah – seat of judgment, of recognizing the difference between right and wrong, discernment and discrimination), and ‘Adam came to exist as (hayah) a living (hay / chay) soul (nepesh).” (Genesis 2:7)
Hay or chay is “life,” making hayym, “lives.” The reason for the plural is that God gave us a nesamah so that we could chose to become His children. But to accomplish this we must be born twice, once of water and once by Spirit. That is why hayym in its various derivations are translated “life giving, that which renews and restores life, that which invigorates and sustains life, and that which protects and preserves life.” We should not be surprised then that hayah, existence, and hay, life, are related, or that hayah is the basis of Yahweh’s name. Written as hayyah, the Hebrew word designates “the home of life and the residence of renewal.”
And as we discovered in the “Chay – Life” chapter, hay and hayym, could just as easily be chay and chayym, with a hard rather than soft h. Chayah similarly conveys “to live, to have life, to remain alive, to sustain life, to live prosperously, to be restored to life and to live forever.”
By juxtaposing hayim, “life-giving, restoring and sustaining” and nesamah, “the seat of judgment, discerning, and discrimination,” Yahweh has linked the terms and defined the purpose of our nesamah/conscience. In this context, the nesamah represents the ability to choose life over death, to accept restoration rather than annihilation. Our nesamah, or conscience, enables us to be discerning and judgmental, to distinguish that which is true from that which is not. It therefore endows us with the potential to know God and to receive His gifts of salvation and eternal life, or to reject Him and them.
In Job, the ultimate referendum on good and evil, Yahweh revealed: “Indeed (‘aken – truly and surely) the Spirit (ruach), She (huw’) in mortal man (‘enowsh – in the weak and frail, in humankind) and even the nesamah of the Almighty (shaday) provides understanding (biyn – the ability to perceive and discern so as to apprehend information, to be rational and judgmental).” (Job 32:8) Based on this we can reasonably conclude that it is the nesamah which makes the connection between information and understanding, between the soul and the Spirit. While it does not make us immortal, it provides us with the ability to know, commune with, love, and trust the source of immortality. It is the thing that unites us with the source of life which is why nesamah is based upon nasham, meaning “the process of childbirth.”
Our nepesh, or soul, makes us conscious, and therefore like all other animals, while our nesamah makes us like God, providing us with the ability to distinguish between right an wrong. It is this unique human element that seeks to yada Yahweh.
The reason the concept of the nesamah, or conscience (sense knowing of right and wrong, of justice, of principled morality, ethical behavior, ability to reason and judge, and to discriminate and thus choose wisely), is introduced at the beginning of the Garden of Eden story is because it provides the foundation for what follows. It reveals the path to God and to life, the nature of choice, the difference between good and bad, and the consequence of choosing unwisely. The nesamah explains what caused man to exist in the likeness of God. And similarly, it reveals what made Adam unique, different that all other animals created with a nepesh/soul. Understanding the nature and purpose of the nesamah makes this message come alive.
“Yahuweh, God (‘elohym) planted (nata’ – established, firmly embedded the seed for) an enclosed garden (gan) in (ba) great joy (‘eden – delight, ultimate pleasure, extreme satisfaction and luxury, a favorable state of great gladness)…” (Genesis 2:8)
Gan, which literally means “covered and protected enclosure,” is from ganan, denoting: “to surround, cover, shelter, and defend, shielding from danger.” According to etymological resources, ganan “strongly implies a spirit of care and concern on behalf of those being protected.” And therein lies an important key to understanding the Garden, and its relationship to the Festival of Tabernacles, the Millennial Sabbath, eternity in heaven, and the Set Apart Spirit. As a reflection of His care and concern for us, the Spirit covers us in a Garment of Light, protecting and sheltering us in Yah’s perfect enclosure. The Garden is therefore a metaphor for the Miqra of Sukah (meaning shelter), which is a metaphor for the Millennial Sabbath, which is a metaphor for eternal life in heaven, all of which depict camping out with God in His garden.
In this gan, Adam was protected from pain, work, disease, and dying. He was the charter member of Camp Yahweh. And one of the reasons we know that the gan is symbolic of the seventh Festival Feast, the Miqra of Sukah, is because ‘eden (blissful joy, gladness, pleasure, and delight) is synonymous with both descriptive terms used to depict the attitude and emotional state of those engaged in the observance of Tabernacles. ‘Asarah is a “joyous assembly of people participants in a festive celebration,” or simply, “party goers.” The other Sukah term, samah, means: “rejoice and be glad, be happy and express your joy, be merry and party, flourish, take pleasure in, and celebrate.”
This blissful state is attributable to the Spirit’s protective Garment of Light. ‘Eden is “a fine and beautiful jeweled material used to make a garment.” This remarkable wardrobe makes us appear perfect in Yah’s eyes, thus enabling us to campout for all eternity with our Creator. It is a “favor” He has bestowed on us, the gift with brings “great joy.”
While it’s a small thing among big ones, God did not say He “planted the Garden of Eden.” Ba is “in or with,” not “of,” and there isn’t a definite article before gan. Further, nata’ literally means “to establish upright,” the foundational concept and basis of the Covenant. Yahweh stood up for us so that we could stand with Him, established upright for all eternity. Therefore, “Yahweh, God, established an upright protective shelter in great joy, a garden of pleasure, extreme satisfaction and luxury in a most favorable state of gladness.” By comparison, “planting the garden of Eden” loses something in the translation.
Yashayahu, meaning Yah Saves, but better known as Isaiah, spoke of Eden, and of the realm outside the protected garden, in a passage which presents Abraham as a prototype of our Heavenly Father and His role as our Savior, and Sarah as a metaphor for our Spiritual Mother. He equates our Spiritual rebirth with the pain of that sacrifice, using words which tie the prophetic message to the story of Adam and Chawah. In that Savior and Spirit provide the lone means back to Eden, let’s consider what Yah’s prophet revealed. “Look back to Abraham your father (‘ab) and Sarah who writhed to give you birth in pain and anguish (chuwl – travail, the pain of childbirth). Indeed, when he was one (‘ehad – a singular essence or union [in marriage with Sarah]), I called out to him (qara’ – summoned him), making him productive, magnified, and numerous (rabah – multiplied him unto many while exalting others through him). Indeed, Yahuweh has compassion on and comforts Zion (nacham siywn – vindicates and restores, suffering grief to change the thinking of the desolate Signpost along the Way by punishing another in her stead). He will have compassion on and comfort, suffering grief on behalf of and vindicating (nacham) all desolate, destroyed, dry, and lifeless places (charbah), making (suwm – appointing and establishing) the barren wilderness (midbar – wasteland virtually devoid of life; from dabar, thus meaning the place of lifeless words) to be like Eden (‘eden - a joyous, pleasurable, luxurious and delightful place of good times, satisfaction and contentment), and her desert (‘arabah – dry and dark wilderness) to be like the enclosed Garden (gan – the protected, surrounded, sheltered, and defended shield of deliverance) of Yahuweh.” (Isaiah 51:2-3)
There was also a great and multiplicitous result derived from Abraham’s Covenant and Yahushua’s redemptive sacrifice. As a result of the Messiyah’s suffering, many souls have been reborn and restored. That is the reason the actual text recorded in the Dead Sea Scrolls says “I multiplied him and made him productive” as opposed to the Masoretic version: “I blessed him.”
It is instructive to know that ‘edon and ‘eden are differentiated in the Hebrew text solely by the initial letter which is silent. ‘Edon, meaning the foundation of the Tabernacle, the upright pillar, and the golden legs of the Messiah in the Song of Solomon, begins with an Aleph while ‘Eden starts with an Ayin. Eventually, they will become one, existing as the foundation of the New Jerusalem, the eternal Tabernacle of Yahuweh, and ‘Eden, the place and time of joyous, satisfied living, will become one. This will occur in stages. Yahweh will allow men to virtually destroy planet and most all life on it before He wipes all wickedness and evil, desolate lifelessness, from the face to the earth, reconstituting ‘Eden, creating a paradise on earth where Yahushua shall rule for a thousand years during mankind’s final Sabbath. Then, the heavens and the earth will be destroyed and replaced with a new creation devoid of deceit and desolation.
Along these lines, gan, speaks more about the Set-Apart Spirit’s protective garment of deliverance, and Yahweh being our protector than it does of an actual “garden.” And Eden is further established as the model for eternal life in heaven. To that end, the passage reveals, “Joy and gladness (sasown wa simchah – rejoicing, exultation, gaiety, and pleasure with a focus on the state of happiness which results from sensory input which is entertaining) shall be found there (matsa'’- discovered, attained, encountered, and experienced), songs of praise and confessions of thanksgiving (towdah), the sound and audible voice of music and melody.” (Isaiah 51:3) To this, the Dead Sea Scrolls add: “Sorrow and mourning will flee away.”
This sounds like a nice place. And fortunate for me, I have a confirmed reservation. While I can’t prove it, knowing Yahuweh, I suspect that our eternity is going to be exciting, a time of great adventure, discovery, entertainment, and joy. I believe, and these words seem to confirm, that we will be able to sense and see more that we can now. When we are elevated from three dimensions to four to seven, I think Yahweh is going to provide us with the ability to discover and discern things which currently evade our notice.
Returning to the original Eden, the “joyous enclosure” was more than a metaphor; it was a real place: “…from (min) the east (qedem – the former or earlier time and pertaining to eternity)…” While we are given much more specific clues, Eden was east of Yisra’el. And figuratively, qedem tells us that ‘Eden is indicative of eternity in the Promised Land.
“…and relationally (‘asher) He placed (sym – established) the man (‘Adam) He formed (yasar – planned, fashioned, and created) there (sam – in that position and place).” (Genesis 2:8) The entire universe, like the joyous shelter, was established for man. From God’s perspective, we exist in the center of the universe.
There is something else worth pondering here. By using sym/placed, God is inferring that mankind was created outside of the garden, and that this man, Adam, was placed there after receiving the nesamah.
“Yahuweh, God, made sprout up (samah – caused to grow) from (min – out of) the earth (‘adamah – ground) all kinds of (kol – many) trees (‘es) which were desirable (hamad – pleasing, delightful, and pleasurable) in appearance (mar’eh – visually) and good (towb – beautiful and beneficial, agreeable and pleasant) to eat (ma’akal – as food to be consumed). The tree (‘es – upright timber) of lives (hayyim / chayym – renewals and restorations, revivals and nurturing, homes and dwelling places where lives are preserved and flourish) was in (ba) the midst (tawek – middle or center) of the protective enclosure (gar – sheltered garden, covered and defended place)…” (Genesis 2:9)
Let’s begin at the beginning with samah-grow. That which doesn’t grow, dies. Even Yahweh grows to live. And that is the purpose of man. Just as our children complete us, fulfilling our lives, and making us richer with each experience, entertaining us, God gains something from His relationships with man. Each added member of His eternal family, each unique camping experience, each loving and grateful conversation, each meaningful question and each profound insight grasped, adds to Yah’s happiness and satisfaction. Our Heavenly Father is not so big that He doesn’t grow a little bigger each time one of His children calls out His name.
Second, God is the architect of beauty, the ultimate designer. His creation, from sunrises to waterfalls, and from spring flowers as the reach up to heaven to falling leaves as the carpet the earth, are “visually pleasing to the eye.” The Creator is not only creative, He is a maestro. The universe is beautiful. And that is because Yahweh is beautiful.
Third, trees which produce fruit are deciduous. That means that their leaves die as part of the cycle of life. The fallen leaf rises again as nutrients for spring’s blossoms. Those who say that there was no death and decay prior to the fall are ignoring the obvious.
Fourth, it is the “tree of renewed lives,” plural. Chayym is the same word Yah used to describe Adam’s soul. And that brings us to this tree. It is indicative of the upright pillar upon with Yahushua would be hung. God had a plan for restoring that which had not yet fallen. He knew that Adam would rebel, and He would have to restore many lives, which is why chayym is plural. In the opening stanza of the Old Covenant we have been given a glimpse into the Renewed Covenant.
And fifth, the “tree of restored lives, of nurturing and protection” is in the center of the garden enclosure because the upright pillar is central to Yahweh’s plan of salvation. It is the fulcrum upon with life and death is determined. It is the lone gate back into fellowship and thus into paradise.
“…and the tree of the knowledge (da’at – acquisition of information with a focus on discernment, judgment, moral application, and understanding) of good (towb – that with is prosperous, beneficial, and proper, favorable, desirable, and agreeable, even joyful) and bad (ra’ – evil, harmful, morally inappropriate, malignant, and disagreeable, of no value, morally depraved, displeasing, and sad).” (Genesis 2:9) Da’at is a derivative of yada’, meaning “to know in a relational sense, to be acquainted with, to consider, perceive, discriminate, distinguish, recognize, and acknowledge.” When it comes to God, the more one da’at / knows the more likely they will come to yada’ Yahweh.
Da’at/knowledge, and nesamah/conscience (the ability to be discerning, discriminating, judgmental, and moral), are collaborative. One without the other has limited value. They are prerequisites of meaningful choice, of justice, morality, and wisdom. To make an informed choice, to render a wise decision, to issue a moral judgment, and to deliver a just verdict, one must first know the facts. Then they must be able to process that information in a reasonable and rational way, being discriminating and judgmental. This is the very essence of yada’ Yahweh—of Scripture.
I only know one person with whom what I’m about to share resonates. Hoping that there will be more, let me share something which I think is profound. The reason that there is no longer any hope for the world as a whole (only a limited number of individuals will be saved) is because ego-centric and greedy, conscienceless religious and political men and women have deliberately corrupted both sides of this da’at/knowledge and nesamah/conscience equation. In totalitarian societies, like those found in fascist, socialist, and Islamic nations, access to information is constrained and that which is provided is inaccurate. Without access to good data, reason is useless, and thus wise choices are impossible. In so-called “free and democratic” countries, information is so abundant we nearly drown in it. So as to rob people of their ability to choose wisely between man and God, good and evil, right and wrong, life and death, man created the immoral code known as “political correctness.” Based upon the irrational notion of “being intolerant of intolerance,” it makes being judgmental, and thus discerning and discriminating, a sin. No matter how prevalent or accurate the facts are, without the ability to process them judgmentally, wise conclusions, and thus good choices, are impossible. As a result, men and women have abrogated their freewill as most everyone on the planet has been rendered unable to rationally process truth based upon one of these two human schemes.
In this regard, I can provide a mountain of evidence which proves conclusively that the religions of man, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are wrong, but it makes no difference to those who are unable to process the evidence rationally. I can provide overwhelming proof that Yahweh exists and that He revealed His plan of salvation to man in these Scriptures, but it seldom resonates with those who have been poisoned by man’s schemes. I can reveal the fate that awaits mankind over the next 25 years, without motivating people to change because their consciences have been seared.
All of man’s political and religious schemes oppress and fleece the masses by controlling access to information and by criminalizing thoughtfulness. During the millennial political/religious domination of Catholicism, the union of Church and State kept the population ignorant and enslaved. The same can be said of Communism during the last century. And throughout most of this period, anyone who challenged the edicts of Catholic or Orthodox Christian cleric, a Communist of Fascist dictator, or Islamic caliph, was tortured and killed. Discernment was not allowed because reason is the enemy of all political and religious schemes. Today in the West, the universal application of political correctness assures that anyone in the public arena who is judgmental will be condemned, humiliated, and silenced.
Having traveled in nearly 150 countries and having studied history, I can tell you that man’s legacy is abysmal. For the past six thousand years across the face of this planet, a malignant concoction of politics and religion has served to enslave the masses for the benefit of cleric and king. And even that was not enough for these ruthless, egocentric leaders. They always coveted more, so with revolting regularity they would send their subjects off to war to win more power, tribute, and territory for themselves. Man’s history, both ancient and modern, is very, very bad, with only occasional moments of good brightening an otherwise hideous tapestry. Given the choice between good and evil, those with a choice have almost universally chosen evil. Throughout time, the overwhelming preponderance of people have had their freedoms decimated through a mix of slavery and fear. Choosing to live outside the religious and political constructs of man enjoins such sever consequences, most people abrogate whatever freedom they may otherwise have enjoyed.
For those who read the whole of Yada Yahweh, you will discover that God told us this would happen. He prophetically predicted that the consciences of the world’s hypocritical political and religious leaders (those who say one thing and do another) would be seared beyond recovery. He warned us that while knowledge would increase, man would become increasingly foolish, listening only to those who would tickle their ears—telling them what they wanted to hear. To this end, George Bush recently announced that central to making good decisions was being positive. Information and reason had given way to false hope. But the crowning achievement in hypocrisy goes to the Nazi Pope Pius XII and his army of armed priests who brutally slaughtered hundreds of thousands of Orthodox Christians and Jews, and then danced around their corpses.
Returning to the text, towb and ra’ are opposites. They are: good and bad, prosperous and valueless, favorable and harmful, moral and inappropriate, beneficial and malignant, joyous and sad. Behaviors and attitudes, ambitions and deeds, doctrines and teachings, even foods, can be judged as such, and be placed in one or the other of these categories. And that is the purpose of the nesamah—the seat of judgment.
But before we consider why there would be such a tree, be aware that there was nothing even remotely unique about its towb/good nature. Earlier in the same verse we read: “Yahuweh, God, made sprout up (caused to grow) from the earth every tree which is desirable (pleasing, delightful, and pleasurable) in appearance and good (towb – beautiful and beneficial, agreeable and pleasant) to eat.” Towb was ubiquitous.
Likewise, there has been no limitation on da’at/knowledge. Yahweh has already provided us with more information regarding the purpose and nature of creation than we can process, and there is no reason to suspect He was any different with Adam. So the only thing that was unique regarding the “tree of the knowledge of good and bad” is evil—the one thing that is always expunged from God’s presence and paradise. Evil, harmful, morally inappropriate, malignant, disagreeable, valueless, morally depraved, displeasing, and sad is the antithesis of God—meaning they are not God.
But without access to evil, without a way to reject God, deprived of the opportunity to choose what He is not, there would be no way to love Yahweh. Love requires choice. Because love is the only thing that cannot be made, compelled, or purchased, it is the most valuable and powerful asset in the universe.
Freewill is the primary, but not only, prerequisite for a loving relationship. One must come to da’at/know the object of their affection and they must be able to judge whether they are worthy of being loved. And this again, is the purpose of our nesamah.
* * *
God is revealing the location of the Garden of Eden for a reason. He wants us to know where it was located so that we will understand the story which follows.
“A river (nahar – stream) flowed out (yasa’ – extended and descended) from (min) Eden (‘eden – great joy, delight, ultimate pleasure, extreme satisfaction and luxury, and a favorable state of great gladness) to water (saqah – quench the thirst) of the protective enclosure (gar – sheltered garden, covered and defended place), and from (min) there (sam – that place and relative position) it separated (parad – parted and divided) becoming (hayah – coming to exist as)...
Edited by user Tuesday, August 21, 2007 10:11:16 PM(UTC)
| Reason: Not specified